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Polar Class

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about ice class. For ships or projects referred to as polar icebreakers or polar-class icebreakers, see <a href="Polar_icebreaker_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Polar icebreaker (disambiguation)">polar icebreaker</a>.</div>

Polar Class (PC) refers to the <a href="Ice_class" title="Ice class">ice class</a> assigned to a <a href="Ship" title="Ship">ship</a> by a <a href="Classification_society" class="mw-redirect" title="Classification society">classification society</a> based on the Unified Requirements for Polar Class Ships developed by the <a href="International_Association_of_Classification_Societies" title="International Association of Classification Societies">International Association of Classification Societies</a> (IACS). Seven Polar Classes are defined in the rules, ranging from PC 1 for year-round operation in all polar waters to PC 7 for summer and autumn operation in thin first-year ice.<a href="#cite_note-pc-1">[1]</a>

The IACS Polar Class rules should not be confused with <a href="International_Code_for_Ships_Operating_in_Polar_Waters" title="International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters">International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters</a> (Polar Code) by the <a href="International_Maritime_Organization" title="International Maritime Organization">International Maritime Organization</a> (IMO).

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2></div>

The development of the Polar Class rules began in the 1990s with an international effort to harmonize the requirements for marine operations in the polar waters in order to protect life, property and the environment. The guidelines developed by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), which were later incorporated in the Polar Code,<a href="#cite_note-kendrick-2">[2]</a> made reference to the compliance with Unified Requirements for Polar Ships developed by the International Association of Classification Societies (IACS). In May 1996, an "Ad-Hoc Group to establish Unified Requirements for Polar Ships (AHG/PSR)" was established with one working group concentrating on the structural requirements and another working on machinery-related issues. The first IACS Polar Class rules were published in 2007.<a href="#cite_note-pc_history-3">[3]</a>

Prior to the development of the unified requirements, each classification society had their own set of ice class rules ranging from Baltic ice classes intended for operation in first-year ice to higher vessel categories, including icebreakers, intended for operations in polar waters. When developing the upper and lower boundaries for the Polar Classes, it was agreed that the highest Polar Class vessels (PC 1) should be capable of operating safely anywhere in the Arctic or the Antarctic waters at any time of the year while the lower boundary was set to existing tonnage operating during the summer season, most of which followed the Baltic ice classes with some upgrades and additions. The lowest Polar Class (PC 7) was thus set to the similar level with the Finnish-Swedish ice class 1A. The definition of operational conditions for each Polar Class was intentionally left vague due to the wide variety of ship operations carried out in polar waters.<a href="#cite_note-kendrick-2">[2]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Polar_Class_notations">Polar Class notations</h3></div>

The IACS has established seven different Polar Class notations, ranging from PC 1 (highest) to PC 7 (lowest), with each level corresponding to operational capability and strength of the vessel. The description of ice conditions where ships of each Polar Class are intended to operate are based on <a href="World_Meteorological_Organization" title="World Meteorological Organization">World Meteorological Organization</a> (WMO) Sea Ice Nomenclature.<a href="#cite_note-wmo-4">[4]</a> These definitions are intended to guide owners, designers and administrations in selecting the appropriate Polar Class to match the intended voyage or service of the vessel. Ships with sufficient power and strength to undertake "aggressive operations in ice-covered waters", such as escort and ice management operations, can be assigned an additional notation "<a href="Icebreaker" title="Icebreaker">Icebreaker</a>".<a href="#cite_note-pc-1">[1]</a>

The two lowest Polar Classes (PC 6 and PC 7) are roughly equivalent to the two highest <a href="Finnish-Swedish_ice_class" title="Finnish-Swedish ice class">Finnish-Swedish ice classes</a> (1A Super and 1A, respectively).<a href="#cite_note-equivalence-5">[5]</a> However, unlike the Baltic ice classes intended for operation only in first-year sea ice, even the lowest Polar Classes consider the possibility of encountering multi-year ice ("old ice inclusions").<a href="#cite_note-pc-1">[1]</a>

<th>Polar Class

</th>

<th>Ice descriptions in Polar Class rules<a href="#cite_note-pc-1">[1]</a>

</th>

<th>Corresponding ice thickness in the <a href="WMO" class="mw-redirect" title="WMO">WMO</a> Sea Ice Nomenclature<a href="#cite_note-wmo-4">[4]</a>

</th></tr>

<tr>

<td>PC 1

</td>

<td>Year-round operation in all polar waters

</td>

<td>Not defined

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>PC 2

</td>

<td>Year-round operation in moderate multi-year ice conditions

</td>

<td>Up to 3.0 m (9.8 ft) or more

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>PC 3

</td>

<td>Year-round operation in second-year ice which may include multi-year ice inclusions

</td>

<td>Up to 2.5 m (8.2 ft) and sometimes more

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>PC 4

</td>

<td>Year-round operation in thick first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions

</td>

<td>Over 120 cm (3.9 ft)

</td></tr>

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<td>PC 5

</td>

<td>Year-round operation in medium first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions

</td>

<td>70 to 120 cm (2.3 to 3.9 ft)

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<tr>

<td>PC 6

</td>

<td>Summer/autumn operation in medium first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions

</td>

<td>70 to 120 cm (2.3 to 3.9 ft)

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<td>PC 7

</td>

<td>Summer/autumn operation in thin first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions

</td>

<td>30 to 70 cm (0.98 to 2.30 ft)

</td></tr>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Requirements">Requirements</h3></div>

In the Polar Class rules, the hull of the vessel is divided longitudinally into four regions: "bow", "bow intermediate", "midbody" and "stern". All longitudinal regions except the bow are further divided vertically into "bottom", "lower" and "icebelt" regions. For each region, a design ice load is calculated based on the dimensions, hull geometry, and ice class of the vessel. This ice load is then used to determine the <a href="Scantlings" class="mw-redirect" title="Scantlings">scantlings</a> and <a href="Steel_grade" class="mw-redirect" title="Steel grade">steel grades</a> of structural elements such as shell plating and frames in each location. The design scenario used to determine the ice loads is a glancing collision with a floating ice floe.<a href="#cite_note-pc-1">[1]</a>

In addition to structural details, the Polar Class rules have requirements for machinery systems such as the main propulsion, steering gear, and systems essential for the safety of the crew and survivability of the vessel. For example, propeller-ice interaction should be taken into account in the propeller design, cooling systems and sea water inlets should be designed to work also in ice-covered waters, and the ballast tanks should be provided with effective means of preventing freezing.<a href="#cite_note-pc-1">[1]</a>

Although the rules generally require the ships to have suitable hull form and sufficient propulsion power to operate independently and at continuous speed in ice conditions corresponding to their Polar Class,<a href="#cite_note-pc-1">[1]</a> the ice-going capability requirements of the vessel are not clearly defined in terms of speed or ice thickness. In practice, this means that the Polar Class of the vessel may not reflect the actual icebreaking capability of the vessel.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Polar_Class_ships">Polar Class ships</h2></div>

The IACS Polar Class rules apply for ships contracted for construction on or after 1 July 2007.<a href="#cite_note-pc-1">[1]</a> This means that while vessels built prior to this date may have an equivalent or even higher level of ice strengthening, they are not officially assigned a Polar Class and may not in fact fulfill all the requirements in the unified requirements. In addition, particularly Russian ships and icebreakers are assigned ice classes only according to the requirements of the <a href="Russian_Maritime_Register_of_Shipping" title="Russian Maritime Register of Shipping">Russian Maritime Register of Shipping</a>, which maintains its own ice class rules parallel to the IACS Polar Class rules.

Although numerous ships have been built to the two least hardened Polar Classes, PC 6 and PC 7, only a small number of ships have been assigned ice class PC 5 or higher.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Polar_Class_5">Polar Class 5</h3></div>

A number of <a href="Research_vessel" title="Research vessel">research vessels</a> intended for scientific missions in the polar regions are built to PC 5 rating: the South African <a href="S._A._Agulhas_II" title="S. A. Agulhas II">S. A. Agulhas II</a> in 2012,<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> the American <a href="RV_Sikuliaq" title="RV Sikuliaq">Sikuliaq</a> in 2014,<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> and the British <a href="RRS_Sir_David_Attenborough" title="RRS Sir David Attenborough">RRS Sir David Attenborough</a> in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-8">[Note 1]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a> In addition, a <a href="Antartica_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Antartica 1">PC 5 Antarctic vessel</a> <a href="Chilean_icebreaker_Almirante_Viel" title="Chilean icebreaker Almirante Viel">Almirante Viel</a> was commissioned for the <a href="Chilean_Navy" title="Chilean Navy">Chilean Navy</a> in July 2024.<a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a>

In 2012, the <a href="Royal_Canadian_Navy" title="Royal Canadian Navy">Royal Canadian Navy</a> awarded a shipbuilding contract for the construction of six <a href="Harry_DeWolf-class_offshore_patrol_vessel" title="Harry DeWolf-class offshore patrol vessel">Arctic Offshore Patrol Ships (AOPS)</a> rated at PC 5.<a href="#cite_note-12">[Note 2]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[11]</a> As of 2025, the first four vessels (<a href="HMCS_Harry_DeWolf" title="HMCS Harry DeWolf">Harry DeWolf</a>, <a href="HMCS_Margaret_Brooke" title="HMCS Margaret Brooke">Margaret Brooke</a>, <a href="HMCS_Max_Bernays" title="HMCS Max Bernays">Max Bernays</a> and <a href="HMCS_William_Hall" title="HMCS William Hall">William Hall</a>) have entered service,<a href="#cite_note-14">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[15]</a> the fifth (<a href="HMCS_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9rick_Rolette" title="HMCS Frédérick Rolette">Frédérick Rolette</a>) has been delivered,<a href="#cite_note-18">[16]</a> and the sixth (<a href="HMCS_Robert_Hampton_Gray" title="HMCS Robert Hampton Gray">Robert Hampton Gray</a>) is being fitted out.<a href="#cite_note-19">[17]</a> Two additional ships, CCGS Donjek Glacier and CCGS Sermilik Glacier, are under construction for the <a href="Canadian_Coast_Guard" title="Canadian Coast Guard">Canadian Coast Guard</a>.<a href="#cite_note-20">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[19]</a>

As of 2025, four cruise ships have been built with PC 5 rating: National Geographic Endurance (delivered in 2020) and National Geographic Resolution (2021) for <a href="Lindblad_Expeditions" title="Lindblad Expeditions">Lindblad Expeditions</a>,<a href="#cite_note-22">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[21]</a> and SH Minerva (2021) and SH Vega (2022) for <a href="Swan_Hellenic" title="Swan Hellenic">Swan Hellenic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-24">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[23]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Polar_Class_4">Polar Class 4</h3></div>

The 2012-built <a href="Drillship" title="Drillship">drillship</a> Stena IceMAX has a hull strengthened according to PC 4 requirements.<a href="#cite_note-26">[Note 3]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[24]</a> However, the 228 metres (748 ft) long and 42 metres (138 ft) wide vessel does not feature an icebreaking hull and is designed to operate primarily in pre-broken ("managed") ice.<a href="#cite_note-28">[25]</a>

The Canadian shipping company <a href="Fednav" title="Fednav">Fednav</a> operates two PC 4 rated <a href="Bulk_carriers" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulk carriers">bulk carriers</a>, 2014-built <a href="Nunavik_(ship)" title="Nunavik (ship)">Nunavik</a> and 2021-built Arvik I.<a href="#cite_note-29">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[27]</a> The 28,000-tonne vessels are primarily used to transport nickel ore from <a href="Raglan_Mine" title="Raglan Mine">Raglan Mine</a> in the Canadian Arctic.<a href="#cite_note-31">[28]</a>

In 2015, the hull of the Finnish 1986-built icebreaker <a href="Otso_(icebreaker)" title="Otso (icebreaker)">Otso</a> was reinforced with additional steel to PC 4 level to allow the vessel to support seismic surveys in the Arctic during the summer months.<a href="#cite_note-32">[29]</a>

The Finnish LNG-powered icebreaker <a href="Polaris_(icebreaker)" title="Polaris (icebreaker)">Polaris</a>, built in 2016, is rated PC 4 with an additional <a href="Lloyd's_Register" title="Lloyd's Register">Lloyd's Register</a> class notation "Icebreaker(+)". The latter part of the notation refers to additional structural strengthening based on analysis of the vessel's operational profile and potential ice loading scenarios.<a href="#cite_note-33">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[31]</a>

The interim icebreakers <a href="CCGS_Captain_Molly_Kool" title="CCGS Captain Molly Kool">CCGS Captain Molly Kool</a>, <a href="CCGS_Jean_Goodwill" title="CCGS Jean Goodwill">CCGS Jean Goodwill</a>, and <a href="CCGS_Vincent_Massey" title="CCGS Vincent Massey">CCGS Vincent Massey</a>, built in 2000–01 and acquired by the <a href="Canadian_Coast_Guard" title="Canadian Coast Guard">Canadian Coast Guard</a> 2018, were upgraded to PC 4 rating as part of the vessels' conversion to Canadian service.<a href="#cite_note-35">[32]</a>

In December 2024, the Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering of the <a href="Chinese_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Chinese Academy of Sciences">Chinese Academy of Sciences</a> took delivery of the PC 4 rated icebreaking research vessel <a href="Tan_Suo_San_Hao" title="Tan Suo San Hao">Tan Suo San Hao</a>.<a href="#cite_note-36">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[34]</a>

The new PC 4 polar logistics vessel of the <a href="Argentine_Navy" title="Argentine Navy">Argentine Navy</a> intended to complement the country's existing icebreaker <a href="ARA_Almirante_Ir%C3%ADzar" title="ARA Almirante Irízar">ARA Almirante Irízar</a> in Antarctica is currently in design stage.<a href="#cite_note-38">[35]</a>

The <a href="Japan_Agency_for_Marine-Earth_Science_and_Technology" title="Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology">Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology</a> (JAMSTEC) is in the process of acquiring a new PC 4 rated icebreaker for researching the Arctic region.<a href="#cite_note-39">[36]</a>

The <a href="Swedish_Maritime_Administration" title="Swedish Maritime Administration">Swedish Maritime Administration</a> is in the process of acquiring a new icebreaker rated PC 4 Icebreaker(+).<a href="#cite_note-40">[37]</a> The vessel is expected to enter service in 2028.<a href="#cite_note-41">[38]</a>

The new Canadian Coast Guard Multi-Purpose Vessels (MPV) will be rated PC 4 Icebreaker(+).<a href="#cite_note-42">[39]</a> Sixteen vessels will be built by <a href="Seaspan" class="mw-redirect" title="Seaspan">Seaspan</a> in the 2020s and 2030s, and the first vessel is expected to enter service in 2028.<a href="#cite_note-43">[40]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Polar_Class_3">Polar Class 3</h3></div>

The first PC 3 vessels were two heavy load carriers, Audax and Pugnax, built for the Netherlands-based ZPMC-Red Box Energy Services in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-44">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[42]</a> The 206.3 metres (677 ft) long and 43 metres (141 ft) wide vessels, capable of breaking up to 1.5-metre (5 ft) ice independently, were built for year-round transportation of <a href="Liquefied_natural_gas" title="Liquefied natural gas">LNG</a> <a href="Liquefaction" title="Liquefaction">liquefaction</a> plant modules to <a href="Sabetta" title="Sabetta">Sabetta</a>.<a href="#cite_note-46">[43]</a>

Although usually referred to by their <a href="Russian_Maritime_Register_of_Shipping" title="Russian Maritime Register of Shipping">Russian Maritime Register of Shipping</a> ice class <a href="Arc7-class" class="mw-redirect" title="Arc7-class">Arc7</a>, the fifteen first-generation <a href="Yamalmax" title="Yamalmax">Yamalmax</a> <a href="LNG_carrier" title="LNG carrier">LNG carriers</a> built in 2016–2019 as well as the arctic condensate tankers Boris Sokolov (built in 2018) and <a href="MT_Yuriy_Kuchiev" title="MT Yuriy Kuchiev">Yuriy Kuchiev</a> (2019) serving the <a href="Yamal_LNG" title="Yamal LNG">Yamal LNG</a> project also have PC 3 rating from <a href="Bureau_Veritas" title="Bureau Veritas">Bureau Veritas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-47">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[46]</a>

In April 2015, it was reported that Edison Chouest would build two PC 3 <a href="Anchor_handling_tug_supply_vessel" title="Anchor handling tug supply vessel">anchor handling tug supply vessels</a> (AHTS) for Alaskan operations.<a href="#cite_note-50">[47]</a> However, the construction of the vessels due for delivery by the end of 2016 was later cancelled following <a href="Shell_Oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Shell Oil">Shell Oil</a>'s decision to halt Arctic oil exploration.<a href="#cite_note-51">[48]</a>

As of 2025, three polar research vessels have been built with PC 3 rating: <a href="RV_Kronprins_Haakon" title="RV Kronprins Haakon">Kronprins Haakon</a> for the <a href="Norwegian_Polar_Institute" title="Norwegian Polar Institute">Norwegian Polar Institute</a> in 2018,<a href="#cite_note-52">[49]</a> <a href="Xue_Long_2" title="Xue Long 2">Xue Long 2</a> for the <a href="Polar_Research_Institute_of_China" title="Polar Research Institute of China">Polar Research Institute of China</a> in 2019,<a href="#cite_note-53">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[51]</a> and <a href="RSV_Nuyina" title="RSV Nuyina">Nuyina</a> for the <a href="Australian_Antarctic_Division" title="Australian Antarctic Division">Australian Antarctic Division</a> in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-55">[52]</a> Kronprins Haakon also has the additional notation "Icebreaker"<a href="#cite_note-56">[53]</a> while Nuyina' notation includes Lloyd's Register's "Icebreaker(+)" notation.<a href="#cite_note-57">[54]</a>

The Finnish multipurpose icebreakers <a href="MSV_Fennica" title="MSV Fennica">Fennica</a> and <a href="MSV_Nordica" title="MSV Nordica">Nordica</a>, built in the early 1990s, were assigned PC 3 rating as part of the vessels' Polar Code certification in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-58">[55]</a>

South Korea is in the process of acquiring a new Polar Class 3 research vessel for Arctic and Antarctic regions.<a href="#cite_note-59">[56]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Polar_Class_2">Polar Class 2</h3></div>

As of 2025, the only PC 2 rated vessel in service is the expedition cruise ship <a href="Le_Commandant_Charcot" title="Le Commandant Charcot">Le Commandant Charcot</a> operated by the French company <a href="Compagnie_du_Ponant" title="Compagnie du Ponant">Compagnie du Ponant</a>. The 270-passenger vessel, capable of breaking up to 2.5 metres (8 ft) thick multi-year ice and taking passengers to the <a href="North_Pole" title="North Pole">North Pole</a>, was delivered in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-60">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[58]</a>

The <a href="United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">United States Coast Guard</a> has ordered two out of three planned PC 2 rated heavy polar icebreakers referred to as <a href="Polar_Security_Cutter_program" title="Polar Security Cutter program">Polar Security Cutters</a>. The first contract was awarded in April 2019 and the second in December 2021.<a href="#cite_note-62">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[60]</a> Construction of the first vessel, USCGC Polar Sentinel, has been delayed by several years and now is not expected to be delivered to the U.S. Coast Guard until at least 2030.<a href="#cite_note-64">[61]</a> While the vessels these Polar Security Cutters are intended to replace, <a href="USCGC_Polar_Star" title="USCGC Polar Star">USCGC Polar Star</a> and <a href="USCGC_Polar_Sea" title="USCGC Polar Sea">USCGC Polar Sea</a>, are sometimes referred to as <a href="Polar-class_icebreaker" title="Polar-class icebreaker">Polar-class icebreakers</a>, these mid-1970s icebreakers are not built in accordance with the IACS rules and do not carry a PC rating.

In December 2024, the German research institute <a href="Alfred_Wegener_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred Wegener Institute">Alfred Wegener Institute</a> contracted <a href="ThyssenKrupp_Marine_Systems" title="ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems">ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems</a> to build a replacement for the 1982-built research icebreaker <a href="RV_Polarstern" title="RV Polarstern">Polarstern</a>. The new vessel, scheduled for delivery in 2030, will be rated PC 2.<a href="#cite_note-bmbf-65">[62]</a>

In March 2025, the Government of Canada awarded construction contracts for two PC 2 rated polar icebreakers for the Canadian Coast Guard under the <a href="National_Shipbuilding_Strategy" title="National Shipbuilding Strategy">National Shipbuilding Strategy</a> <a href="Polar_Icebreaker_Project" title="Polar Icebreaker Project">Polar Icebreaker Project</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ccg_polar_backgrounder-66">[63]</a> The first vessel will be built by <a href="Seaspan_ULC" title="Seaspan ULC">Seaspan Vancouver Shipyards</a> and the second, slightly smaller, by <a href="Davie_Shipbuilding" title="Davie Shipbuilding">Davie Shipbuilding</a> in co-operation with the Finnish <a href="Helsinki_Shipyard" title="Helsinki Shipyard">Helsinki Shipyard</a>.<a href="#cite_note-67">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[65]</a> The vessels, named <a href="CCGS_Arpatuuq" title="CCGS Arpatuuq">CCGS Arpatuuq</a> and <a href="CCGS_Imnaryuaq" title="CCGS Imnaryuaq">CCGS Imnaryuaq</a>, are expected to enter service in the early 2030s.<a href="#cite_note-ccg_polar_backgrounder-66">[63]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Polar_Class_1">Polar Class 1</h3></div>

As of 2025, no ships have been built, under construction, or planned to PC 1, the highest ice class specified by the IACS.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> Hull strengthened to PC 4.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> Bow strengthened to PC 4.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> Propulsion units strengthened to <a href="Det_Norske_Veritas" class="mw-redirect" title="Det Norske Veritas">Det Norske Veritas</a> ICE-10 rating.

</li>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iacs.org.uk/resolutions/unified-requirements/ur-i">Unified Requirements for Polar Class ships</a>, International Association of Classification Societies (IACS)</li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFDaley2014" class="citation web cs1">Daley, Claude (April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.engr.mun.ca/~cdaley/8074/Ice%20Class%20Rules_CD.pdf">"Ice Class Rules: Description and Comparison"</a> (PDF).</cite></li></ul></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-06-20" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Polar_Class&oldid=1296476890">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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